Win32 API 日本語リファレンス
ホームSystem.Pipes › PeekNamedPipe

PeekNamedPipe

関数
パイプ内のデータを削除せずに先読みする。
DLLKERNEL32.dll呼出規約winapiSetLastErrorあり対応OSWindows 2000 以降

シグネチャ

// KERNEL32.dll
#include <windows.h>

BOOL PeekNamedPipe(
    HANDLE hNamedPipe,
    void* lpBuffer,   // optional
    DWORD nBufferSize,
    DWORD* lpBytesRead,   // optional
    DWORD* lpTotalBytesAvail,   // optional
    DWORD* lpBytesLeftThisMessage   // optional
);

パラメーター

名前方向説明
hNamedPipeHANDLEinデータを覗き見する名前付きパイプまたは無名パイプのハンドルを指定する。
lpBuffervoid*outoptional読み取ったデータを受け取るバッファ。データ閲覧が不要ならNULL可。
nBufferSizeDWORDinlpBufferのサイズ(バイト)を指定する。
lpBytesReadDWORD*outoptionalバッファにコピーされたバイト数を受け取る出力先。NULL可。
lpTotalBytesAvailDWORD*outoptionalパイプ内で読み取り可能な総バイト数を受け取る出力先。NULL可。
lpBytesLeftThisMessageDWORD*outoptional現在のメッセージで残っているバイト数を受け取る出力先。NULL可。

戻り値の型: BOOL

各言語での呼び出し定義

// KERNEL32.dll
#include <windows.h>

BOOL PeekNamedPipe(
    HANDLE hNamedPipe,
    void* lpBuffer,   // optional
    DWORD nBufferSize,
    DWORD* lpBytesRead,   // optional
    DWORD* lpTotalBytesAvail,   // optional
    DWORD* lpBytesLeftThisMessage   // optional
);
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
[DllImport("KERNEL32.dll", SetLastError = true, ExactSpelling = true)]
static extern bool PeekNamedPipe(
    IntPtr hNamedPipe,   // HANDLE
    IntPtr lpBuffer,   // void* optional, out
    uint nBufferSize,   // DWORD
    IntPtr lpBytesRead,   // DWORD* optional, out
    IntPtr lpTotalBytesAvail,   // DWORD* optional, out
    IntPtr lpBytesLeftThisMessage   // DWORD* optional, out
);
<DllImport("KERNEL32.dll", SetLastError:=True, ExactSpelling:=True)>
Public Shared Function PeekNamedPipe(
    hNamedPipe As IntPtr,   ' HANDLE
    lpBuffer As IntPtr,   ' void* optional, out
    nBufferSize As UInteger,   ' DWORD
    lpBytesRead As IntPtr,   ' DWORD* optional, out
    lpTotalBytesAvail As IntPtr,   ' DWORD* optional, out
    lpBytesLeftThisMessage As IntPtr   ' DWORD* optional, out
) As <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)> Boolean
End Function
' hNamedPipe : HANDLE
' lpBuffer : void* optional, out
' nBufferSize : DWORD
' lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out
' lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out
' lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out
Declare PtrSafe Function PeekNamedPipe Lib "kernel32" ( _
    ByVal hNamedPipe As LongPtr, _
    ByVal lpBuffer As LongPtr, _
    ByVal nBufferSize As Long, _
    ByVal lpBytesRead As LongPtr, _
    ByVal lpTotalBytesAvail As LongPtr, _
    ByVal lpBytesLeftThisMessage As LongPtr) As Long
' VBA7前提(PtrSafe)。32bit Office では LongPtr→Long。Integer=16bit / Long=32bit / LongLong=64bit。
import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes

PeekNamedPipe = ctypes.windll.kernel32.PeekNamedPipe
PeekNamedPipe.restype = wintypes.BOOL
PeekNamedPipe.argtypes = [
    wintypes.HANDLE,  # hNamedPipe : HANDLE
    ctypes.POINTER(None),  # lpBuffer : void* optional, out
    wintypes.DWORD,  # nBufferSize : DWORD
    ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),  # lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out
    ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),  # lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out
    ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),  # lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out
]
# GetLastError: use ctypes.GetLastError() (or ctypes.WinDLL(use_last_error=True))
require 'fiddle'
require 'fiddle/import'

lib = Fiddle.dlopen('KERNEL32.dll')
PeekNamedPipe = Fiddle::Function.new(
  lib['PeekNamedPipe'],
  [
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # hNamedPipe : HANDLE
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # lpBuffer : void* optional, out
    -Fiddle::TYPE_INT,  # nBufferSize : DWORD
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out
  ],
  Fiddle::TYPE_INT)
#[link(name = "kernel32")]
extern "system" {
    fn PeekNamedPipe(
        hNamedPipe: *mut core::ffi::c_void,  // HANDLE
        lpBuffer: *mut (),  // void* optional, out
        nBufferSize: u32,  // DWORD
        lpBytesRead: *mut u32,  // DWORD* optional, out
        lpTotalBytesAvail: *mut u32,  // DWORD* optional, out
        lpBytesLeftThisMessage: *mut u32  // DWORD* optional, out
    ) -> i32;
}
// crates: windows-sys provides ready-made bindings for this API.
$sig = @"
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
[DllImport("KERNEL32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool PeekNamedPipe(IntPtr hNamedPipe, IntPtr lpBuffer, uint nBufferSize, IntPtr lpBytesRead, IntPtr lpTotalBytesAvail, IntPtr lpBytesLeftThisMessage);
"@
$api = Add-Type -MemberDefinition $sig -Name 'KERNEL32_PeekNamedPipe' -Namespace Win32 -PassThru
# $api::PeekNamedPipe(hNamedPipe, lpBuffer, nBufferSize, lpBytesRead, lpTotalBytesAvail, lpBytesLeftThisMessage)
#uselib "KERNEL32.dll"
#func global PeekNamedPipe "PeekNamedPipe" sptr, sptr, sptr, sptr, sptr, sptr
; PeekNamedPipe hNamedPipe, lpBuffer, nBufferSize, varptr(lpBytesRead), varptr(lpTotalBytesAvail), varptr(lpBytesLeftThisMessage)   ; 戻り値は stat
; hNamedPipe : HANDLE -> "sptr"
; lpBuffer : void* optional, out -> "sptr"
; nBufferSize : DWORD -> "sptr"
; lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out -> "sptr"
; lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out -> "sptr"
; lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out -> "sptr"
; ※HSP3.7は #func のため戻り値はシステム変数 stat に格納されます。
出力引数:
#uselib "KERNEL32.dll"
#cfunc global PeekNamedPipe "PeekNamedPipe" sptr, sptr, int, var, var, var
; res = PeekNamedPipe(hNamedPipe, lpBuffer, nBufferSize, lpBytesRead, lpTotalBytesAvail, lpBytesLeftThisMessage)
; hNamedPipe : HANDLE -> "sptr"
; lpBuffer : void* optional, out -> "sptr"
; nBufferSize : DWORD -> "int"
; lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out -> "var"
; lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out -> "var"
; lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out -> "var"
; ※出力/バッファ引数は var 方式(変数を直接渡す)。varptr 方式にも切替可。
出力引数:
; BOOL PeekNamedPipe(HANDLE hNamedPipe, void* lpBuffer, DWORD nBufferSize, DWORD* lpBytesRead, DWORD* lpTotalBytesAvail, DWORD* lpBytesLeftThisMessage)
#uselib "KERNEL32.dll"
#cfunc global PeekNamedPipe "PeekNamedPipe" intptr, intptr, int, var, var, var
; res = PeekNamedPipe(hNamedPipe, lpBuffer, nBufferSize, lpBytesRead, lpTotalBytesAvail, lpBytesLeftThisMessage)
; hNamedPipe : HANDLE -> "intptr"
; lpBuffer : void* optional, out -> "intptr"
; nBufferSize : DWORD -> "int"
; lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out -> "var"
; lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out -> "var"
; lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out -> "var"
; ※出力/バッファ引数は var 方式(変数を直接渡す)。varptr 方式にも切替可。
import (
	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
	"unsafe"
)

var (
	kernel32 = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("KERNEL32.dll")
	procPeekNamedPipe = kernel32.NewProc("PeekNamedPipe")
)

// hNamedPipe (HANDLE), lpBuffer (void* optional, out), nBufferSize (DWORD), lpBytesRead (DWORD* optional, out), lpTotalBytesAvail (DWORD* optional, out), lpBytesLeftThisMessage (DWORD* optional, out)
r1, _, err := procPeekNamedPipe.Call(
	uintptr(hNamedPipe),
	uintptr(lpBuffer),
	uintptr(nBufferSize),
	uintptr(lpBytesRead),
	uintptr(lpTotalBytesAvail),
	uintptr(lpBytesLeftThisMessage),
)
_ = err  // syscall.Errno (valid when the call sets last-error)
_ = r1   // BOOL
function PeekNamedPipe(
  hNamedPipe: THandle;   // HANDLE
  lpBuffer: Pointer;   // void* optional, out
  nBufferSize: DWORD;   // DWORD
  lpBytesRead: Pointer;   // DWORD* optional, out
  lpTotalBytesAvail: Pointer;   // DWORD* optional, out
  lpBytesLeftThisMessage: Pointer   // DWORD* optional, out
): BOOL; stdcall;
  external 'KERNEL32.dll' name 'PeekNamedPipe';
result := DllCall("KERNEL32\PeekNamedPipe"
    , "Ptr", hNamedPipe   ; HANDLE
    , "Ptr", lpBuffer   ; void* optional, out
    , "UInt", nBufferSize   ; DWORD
    , "Ptr", lpBytesRead   ; DWORD* optional, out
    , "Ptr", lpTotalBytesAvail   ; DWORD* optional, out
    , "Ptr", lpBytesLeftThisMessage   ; DWORD* optional, out
    , "Int")   ; return: BOOL
●PeekNamedPipe(hNamedPipe, lpBuffer, nBufferSize, lpBytesRead, lpTotalBytesAvail, lpBytesLeftThisMessage) = DLL("KERNEL32.dll", "bool PeekNamedPipe(void*, void*, dword, void*, void*, void*)")
# 呼び出し: PeekNamedPipe(hNamedPipe, lpBuffer, nBufferSize, lpBytesRead, lpTotalBytesAvail, lpBytesLeftThisMessage)
# hNamedPipe : HANDLE -> "void*"
# lpBuffer : void* optional, out -> "void*"
# nBufferSize : DWORD -> "dword"
# lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out -> "void*"
# lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out -> "void*"
# lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out -> "void*"
# なでしこ1は32bit・ANSI(Shift_JIS)。文字列=char*(ANSI)、ポインタ/ハンドル=void*(4byte)。
const std = @import("std");

extern "kernel32" fn PeekNamedPipe(
    hNamedPipe: ?*anyopaque, // HANDLE
    lpBuffer: ?*anyopaque, // void* optional, out
    nBufferSize: u32, // DWORD
    lpBytesRead: [*c]u32, // DWORD* optional, out
    lpTotalBytesAvail: [*c]u32, // DWORD* optional, out
    lpBytesLeftThisMessage: [*c]u32 // DWORD* optional, out
) callconv(std.os.windows.WINAPI) i32;
proc PeekNamedPipe(
    hNamedPipe: pointer,  # HANDLE
    lpBuffer: pointer,  # void* optional, out
    nBufferSize: uint32,  # DWORD
    lpBytesRead: ptr uint32,  # DWORD* optional, out
    lpTotalBytesAvail: ptr uint32,  # DWORD* optional, out
    lpBytesLeftThisMessage: ptr uint32  # DWORD* optional, out
): int32 {.importc: "PeekNamedPipe", stdcall, dynlib: "KERNEL32.dll".}
pragma(lib, "kernel32");
extern(Windows)
int PeekNamedPipe(
    void* hNamedPipe,   // HANDLE
    void* lpBuffer,   // void* optional, out
    uint nBufferSize,   // DWORD
    uint* lpBytesRead,   // DWORD* optional, out
    uint* lpTotalBytesAvail,   // DWORD* optional, out
    uint* lpBytesLeftThisMessage   // DWORD* optional, out
);
ccall((:PeekNamedPipe, "KERNEL32.dll"), stdcall, Int32,
      (Ptr{Cvoid}, Ptr{Cvoid}, UInt32, Ptr{UInt32}, Ptr{UInt32}, Ptr{UInt32}),
      hNamedPipe, lpBuffer, nBufferSize, lpBytesRead, lpTotalBytesAvail, lpBytesLeftThisMessage)
# hNamedPipe : HANDLE -> Ptr{Cvoid}
# lpBuffer : void* optional, out -> Ptr{Cvoid}
# nBufferSize : DWORD -> UInt32
# lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out -> Ptr{UInt32}
# lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out -> Ptr{UInt32}
# lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out -> Ptr{UInt32}
# stdcall は 32bit のみ意味を持つ(x64 では無視)。
local ffi = require("ffi")
ffi.cdef[[
int32_t PeekNamedPipe(
    void* hNamedPipe,
    void* lpBuffer,
    uint32_t nBufferSize,
    uint32_t* lpBytesRead,
    uint32_t* lpTotalBytesAvail,
    uint32_t* lpBytesLeftThisMessage);
]]
local kernel32 = ffi.load("kernel32")
-- kernel32.PeekNamedPipe(hNamedPipe, lpBuffer, nBufferSize, lpBytesRead, lpTotalBytesAvail, lpBytesLeftThisMessage)
-- hNamedPipe : HANDLE
-- lpBuffer : void* optional, out
-- nBufferSize : DWORD
-- lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out
-- lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out
-- lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out
-- 構造体/GUIDへのポインタは cdef が通るよう void* で表記(実型は各引数コメント参照)。値渡し構造体・enum は対応する typedef を cdef に追加すること。
const koffi = require('koffi');
const lib = koffi.load('KERNEL32.dll');
const PeekNamedPipe = lib.func('__stdcall', 'PeekNamedPipe', 'int32_t', ['void *', 'void *', 'uint32_t', 'uint32_t *', 'uint32_t *', 'uint32_t *']);
// PeekNamedPipe(hNamedPipe, lpBuffer, nBufferSize, lpBytesRead, lpTotalBytesAvail, lpBytesLeftThisMessage)
// hNamedPipe : HANDLE -> 'void *'
// lpBuffer : void* optional, out -> 'void *'
// nBufferSize : DWORD -> 'uint32_t'
// lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out -> 'uint32_t *'
// lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out -> 'uint32_t *'
// lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out -> 'uint32_t *'
// 出力ポインタは koffi.out(...) で包む。構造体は koffi.struct で定義。
const lib = Deno.dlopen("KERNEL32.dll", {
  PeekNamedPipe: { parameters: ["pointer", "pointer", "u32", "pointer", "pointer", "pointer"], result: "i32" },
});
// lib.symbols.PeekNamedPipe(hNamedPipe, lpBuffer, nBufferSize, lpBytesRead, lpTotalBytesAvail, lpBytesLeftThisMessage)
// hNamedPipe : HANDLE -> "pointer"
// lpBuffer : void* optional, out -> "pointer"
// nBufferSize : DWORD -> "u32"
// lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out -> "pointer"
// lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out -> "pointer"
// lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out -> "pointer"
// 文字列引数は "buffer"(NUL 終端のバイト列を Uint8Array で渡す)。
// 値渡し構造体は { struct: [ ...field types... ] } を使用。
<?php
$ffi = FFI::cdef(<<<C
int32_t PeekNamedPipe(
    void* hNamedPipe,
    void* lpBuffer,
    uint32_t nBufferSize,
    uint32_t* lpBytesRead,
    uint32_t* lpTotalBytesAvail,
    uint32_t* lpBytesLeftThisMessage);
C, "KERNEL32.dll");
// $ffi->PeekNamedPipe(hNamedPipe, lpBuffer, nBufferSize, lpBytesRead, lpTotalBytesAvail, lpBytesLeftThisMessage);
// hNamedPipe : HANDLE
// lpBuffer : void* optional, out
// nBufferSize : DWORD
// lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out
// lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out
// lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out
// 構造体/GUIDへのポインタは cdef が通るよう void* で表記(実型は各引数コメント参照)。値渡し構造体・enum は対応する typedef を cdef に追加すること。
// WINAPI(stdcall): x64 では呼出規約が統一されるため問題なし。x86 では __stdcall 対応のラッパが必要な場合あり。
import com.sun.jna.*;
import com.sun.jna.ptr.*;
import com.sun.jna.win32.StdCallLibrary;
import com.sun.jna.win32.W32APIOptions;

public interface Kernel32 extends StdCallLibrary {
    Kernel32 INSTANCE = Native.load("kernel32", Kernel32.class);
    boolean PeekNamedPipe(
        Pointer hNamedPipe,   // HANDLE
        Pointer lpBuffer,   // void* optional, out
        int nBufferSize,   // DWORD
        IntByReference lpBytesRead,   // DWORD* optional, out
        IntByReference lpTotalBytesAvail,   // DWORD* optional, out
        IntByReference lpBytesLeftThisMessage   // DWORD* optional, out
    );
}
@[Link("kernel32")]
lib LibKERNEL32
  fun PeekNamedPipe = PeekNamedPipe(
    hNamedPipe : Void*,   # HANDLE
    lpBuffer : Void*,   # void* optional, out
    nBufferSize : UInt32,   # DWORD
    lpBytesRead : UInt32*,   # DWORD* optional, out
    lpTotalBytesAvail : UInt32*,   # DWORD* optional, out
    lpBytesLeftThisMessage : UInt32*   # DWORD* optional, out
  ) : Int32
end
# 構造体/GUID/enum は lib 内に対応する型定義が必要。
# 呼出規約: x64 は規約統一のため OK。x86(32bit)は WINAPI=stdcall だが Crystal の fun に stdcall 付与構文がなく非対応。
import 'dart:ffi';
import 'package:ffi/ffi.dart';

typedef PeekNamedPipeNative = Int32 Function(Pointer<Void>, Pointer<Void>, Uint32, Pointer<Uint32>, Pointer<Uint32>, Pointer<Uint32>);
typedef PeekNamedPipeDart = int Function(Pointer<Void>, Pointer<Void>, int, Pointer<Uint32>, Pointer<Uint32>, Pointer<Uint32>);
final PeekNamedPipe = DynamicLibrary.open('KERNEL32.dll')
    .lookupFunction<PeekNamedPipeNative, PeekNamedPipeDart>('PeekNamedPipe');
// hNamedPipe : HANDLE -> Pointer<Void>
// lpBuffer : void* optional, out -> Pointer<Void>
// nBufferSize : DWORD -> Uint32
// lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out -> Pointer<Uint32>
// lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out -> Pointer<Uint32>
// lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out -> Pointer<Uint32>
// 文字列は package:ffi の "...".toNativeUtf16()/toNativeUtf8() で変換。
{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
function PeekNamedPipe(
  hNamedPipe: THandle;   // HANDLE
  lpBuffer: Pointer;   // void* optional, out
  nBufferSize: DWORD;   // DWORD
  lpBytesRead: Pointer;   // DWORD* optional, out
  lpTotalBytesAvail: Pointer;   // DWORD* optional, out
  lpBytesLeftThisMessage: Pointer   // DWORD* optional, out
): BOOL; stdcall;
  external 'KERNEL32.dll' name 'PeekNamedPipe';
import Foreign
import Foreign.C.Types
import Foreign.C.String

foreign import stdcall safe "PeekNamedPipe"
  c_PeekNamedPipe :: Ptr () -> Ptr () -> Word32 -> Ptr Word32 -> Ptr Word32 -> Ptr Word32 -> IO CInt
-- hNamedPipe : HANDLE -> Ptr ()
-- lpBuffer : void* optional, out -> Ptr ()
-- nBufferSize : DWORD -> Word32
-- lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out -> Ptr Word32
-- lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out -> Ptr Word32
-- lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out -> Ptr Word32
-- 要 GHC(Windows)。stdcall は x64 では ccall として扱われる。ブロックする API は safe 呼び出し推奨。
open Ctypes
open Foreign

let peeknamedpipe =
  foreign "PeekNamedPipe"
    ((ptr void) @-> (ptr void) @-> uint32_t @-> (ptr uint32_t) @-> (ptr uint32_t) @-> (ptr uint32_t) @-> returning int32_t)
(* hNamedPipe : HANDLE -> (ptr void) *)
(* lpBuffer : void* optional, out -> (ptr void) *)
(* nBufferSize : DWORD -> uint32_t *)
(* lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out -> (ptr uint32_t) *)
(* lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out -> (ptr uint32_t) *)
(* lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out -> (ptr uint32_t) *)
(* foreign は cdecl 前提。x64 Windows では WINAPI と一致。構造体は ctypes structure を定義のこと。 *)
(cffi:define-foreign-library kernel32 (t "KERNEL32.dll"))
(cffi:use-foreign-library kernel32)

(cffi:defcfun ("PeekNamedPipe" peek-named-pipe :convention :stdcall) :int32
  (h-named-pipe :pointer)   ; HANDLE
  (lp-buffer :pointer)   ; void* optional, out
  (n-buffer-size :uint32)   ; DWORD
  (lp-bytes-read :pointer)   ; DWORD* optional, out
  (lp-total-bytes-avail :pointer)   ; DWORD* optional, out
  (lp-bytes-left-this-message :pointer))   ; DWORD* optional, out
; isize/usize(INT_PTR/SIZE_T)は x64 前提で :int64/:uint64。x86 では :int32/:uint32。
use Win32::API;
my $PeekNamedPipe = Win32::API::More->new('KERNEL32',
    'BOOL PeekNamedPipe(HANDLE hNamedPipe, LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nBufferSize, LPVOID lpBytesRead, LPVOID lpTotalBytesAvail, LPVOID lpBytesLeftThisMessage)');
# my $ret = $PeekNamedPipe->Call($hNamedPipe, $lpBuffer, $nBufferSize, $lpBytesRead, $lpTotalBytesAvail, $lpBytesLeftThisMessage);
# hNamedPipe : HANDLE -> HANDLE
# lpBuffer : void* optional, out -> LPVOID
# nBufferSize : DWORD -> DWORD
# lpBytesRead : DWORD* optional, out -> LPVOID
# lpTotalBytesAvail : DWORD* optional, out -> LPVOID
# lpBytesLeftThisMessage : DWORD* optional, out -> LPVOID
# 値渡し構造体は pack() した文字列、または Win32::API::Struct を使用。