AssocQueryKeyA

// SHLWAPI.dll  (ANSI / -A)
#include <windows.h>

HRESULT AssocQueryKeyA(
    ASSOCF flags,
    ASSOCKEY key,
    LPCSTR pszAssoc,
    LPCSTR pszExtra,   // optional
    HKEY* phkeyOut
);

<DllImport("SHLWAPI.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Ansi, ExactSpelling:=True)>
Public Shared Function AssocQueryKeyA(
    flags As UInteger,   ' ASSOCF
    key As Integer,   ' ASSOCKEY
    <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)> pszAssoc As String,   ' LPCSTR
    <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)> pszExtra As String,   ' LPCSTR optional
    phkeyOut As IntPtr   ' HKEY* out
) As Integer
End Function

' flags : ASSOCF
' key : ASSOCKEY
' pszAssoc : LPCSTR
' pszExtra : LPCSTR optional
' phkeyOut : HKEY* out
Declare PtrSafe Function AssocQueryKeyA Lib "shlwapi" ( _
    ByVal flags As Long, _
    ByVal key As Long, _
    ByVal pszAssoc As String, _
    ByVal pszExtra As String, _
    ByVal phkeyOut As LongPtr) As Long
' VBA7前提(PtrSafe)。32bit Office では LongPtr→Long。Integer=16bit / Long=32bit / LongLong=64bit。

import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes

AssocQueryKeyA = ctypes.windll.shlwapi.AssocQueryKeyA
AssocQueryKeyA.restype = ctypes.c_int
AssocQueryKeyA.argtypes = [
    wintypes.DWORD,  # flags : ASSOCF
    ctypes.c_int,  # key : ASSOCKEY
    wintypes.LPCSTR,  # pszAssoc : LPCSTR
    wintypes.LPCSTR,  # pszExtra : LPCSTR optional
    ctypes.c_void_p,  # phkeyOut : HKEY* out
]

require 'fiddle'
require 'fiddle/import'

lib = Fiddle.dlopen('SHLWAPI.dll')
AssocQueryKeyA = Fiddle::Function.new(
  lib['AssocQueryKeyA'],
  [
    -Fiddle::TYPE_INT,  # flags : ASSOCF
    Fiddle::TYPE_INT,  # key : ASSOCKEY
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # pszAssoc : LPCSTR
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # pszExtra : LPCSTR optional
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # phkeyOut : HKEY* out
  ],
  Fiddle::TYPE_INT)

#[link(name = "shlwapi")]
extern "system" {
    fn AssocQueryKeyA(
        flags: u32,  // ASSOCF
        key: i32,  // ASSOCKEY
        pszAssoc: *const u8,  // LPCSTR
        pszExtra: *const u8,  // LPCSTR optional
        phkeyOut: *mut *mut core::ffi::c_void  // HKEY* out
    ) -> i32;
}
// crates: windows-sys provides ready-made bindings for this API.

$sig = @"
[DllImport("SHLWAPI.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)]
public static extern int AssocQueryKeyA(uint flags, int key, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string pszAssoc, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string pszExtra, IntPtr phkeyOut);
"@
$api = Add-Type -MemberDefinition $sig -Name 'SHLWAPI_AssocQueryKeyA' -Namespace Win32 -PassThru
# $api::AssocQueryKeyA(flags, key, pszAssoc, pszExtra, phkeyOut)

#uselib "SHLWAPI.dll"
#func global AssocQueryKeyA "AssocQueryKeyA" sptr, sptr, sptr, sptr, sptr
; AssocQueryKeyA flags, key, pszAssoc, pszExtra, phkeyOut   ; 戻り値は stat
; flags : ASSOCF -> "sptr"
; key : ASSOCKEY -> "sptr"
; pszAssoc : LPCSTR -> "sptr"
; pszExtra : LPCSTR optional -> "sptr"
; phkeyOut : HKEY* out -> "sptr"
; ※HSP3.7は #func のため戻り値はシステム変数 stat に格納されます。

#uselib "SHLWAPI.dll"
#cfunc global AssocQueryKeyA "AssocQueryKeyA" int, int, str, str, sptr
; res = AssocQueryKeyA(flags, key, pszAssoc, pszExtra, phkeyOut)
; flags : ASSOCF -> "int"
; key : ASSOCKEY -> "int"
; pszAssoc : LPCSTR -> "str"
; pszExtra : LPCSTR optional -> "str"
; phkeyOut : HKEY* out -> "sptr"

; HRESULT AssocQueryKeyA(ASSOCF flags, ASSOCKEY key, LPCSTR pszAssoc, LPCSTR pszExtra, HKEY* phkeyOut)
#uselib "SHLWAPI.dll"
#cfunc global AssocQueryKeyA "AssocQueryKeyA" int, int, str, str, intptr
; res = AssocQueryKeyA(flags, key, pszAssoc, pszExtra, phkeyOut)
; flags : ASSOCF -> "int"
; key : ASSOCKEY -> "int"
; pszAssoc : LPCSTR -> "str"
; pszExtra : LPCSTR optional -> "str"
; phkeyOut : HKEY* out -> "intptr"

import (
	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
	"unsafe"
)

var (
	shlwapi = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("SHLWAPI.dll")
	procAssocQueryKeyA = shlwapi.NewProc("AssocQueryKeyA")
)

// flags (ASSOCF), key (ASSOCKEY), pszAssoc (LPCSTR), pszExtra (LPCSTR optional), phkeyOut (HKEY* out)
r1, _, err := procAssocQueryKeyA.Call(
	uintptr(flags),
	uintptr(key),
	uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(windows.BytePtrFromString(pszAssoc))),
	uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(windows.BytePtrFromString(pszExtra))),
	uintptr(phkeyOut),
)
_ = err  // syscall.Errno (valid when the call sets last-error)
_ = r1   // HRESULT

function AssocQueryKeyA(
  flags: DWORD;   // ASSOCF
  key: Integer;   // ASSOCKEY
  pszAssoc: PAnsiChar;   // LPCSTR
  pszExtra: PAnsiChar;   // LPCSTR optional
  phkeyOut: Pointer   // HKEY* out
): Integer; stdcall;
  external 'SHLWAPI.dll' name 'AssocQueryKeyA';

result := DllCall("SHLWAPI\AssocQueryKeyA"
    , "UInt", flags   ; ASSOCF
    , "Int", key   ; ASSOCKEY
    , "AStr", pszAssoc   ; LPCSTR
    , "AStr", pszExtra   ; LPCSTR optional
    , "Ptr", phkeyOut   ; HKEY* out
    , "Int")   ; return: HRESULT

●AssocQueryKeyA(flags, key, pszAssoc, pszExtra, phkeyOut) = DLL("SHLWAPI.dll", "int AssocQueryKeyA(dword, int, char*, char*, void*)")
# 呼び出し: AssocQueryKeyA(flags, key, pszAssoc, pszExtra, phkeyOut)
# flags : ASSOCF -> "dword"
# key : ASSOCKEY -> "int"
# pszAssoc : LPCSTR -> "char*"
# pszExtra : LPCSTR optional -> "char*"
# phkeyOut : HKEY* out -> "void*"
# なでしこ1は32bit・ANSI(Shift_JIS)。文字列=char*(ANSI)、ポインタ/ハンドル=void*(4byte)。