ExtractIconExA

// SHELL32.dll  (ANSI / -A)
#include <windows.h>

DWORD ExtractIconExA(
    LPCSTR lpszFile,
    INT nIconIndex,
    HICON* phiconLarge,   // optional
    HICON* phiconSmall,   // optional
    DWORD nIcons
);

<DllImport("SHELL32.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError:=True, ExactSpelling:=True)>
Public Shared Function ExtractIconExA(
    <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)> lpszFile As String,   ' LPCSTR
    nIconIndex As Integer,   ' INT
    phiconLarge As IntPtr,   ' HICON* optional, out
    phiconSmall As IntPtr,   ' HICON* optional, out
    nIcons As UInteger   ' DWORD
) As UInteger
End Function

' lpszFile : LPCSTR
' nIconIndex : INT
' phiconLarge : HICON* optional, out
' phiconSmall : HICON* optional, out
' nIcons : DWORD
Declare PtrSafe Function ExtractIconExA Lib "shell32" ( _
    ByVal lpszFile As String, _
    ByVal nIconIndex As Long, _
    ByVal phiconLarge As LongPtr, _
    ByVal phiconSmall As LongPtr, _
    ByVal nIcons As Long) As Long
' VBA7前提(PtrSafe)。32bit Office では LongPtr→Long。Integer=16bit / Long=32bit / LongLong=64bit。

import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes

ExtractIconExA = ctypes.windll.shell32.ExtractIconExA
ExtractIconExA.restype = wintypes.DWORD
ExtractIconExA.argtypes = [
    wintypes.LPCSTR,  # lpszFile : LPCSTR
    ctypes.c_int,  # nIconIndex : INT
    ctypes.c_void_p,  # phiconLarge : HICON* optional, out
    ctypes.c_void_p,  # phiconSmall : HICON* optional, out
    wintypes.DWORD,  # nIcons : DWORD
]
# GetLastError: use ctypes.GetLastError() (or ctypes.WinDLL(use_last_error=True))

require 'fiddle'
require 'fiddle/import'

lib = Fiddle.dlopen('SHELL32.dll')
ExtractIconExA = Fiddle::Function.new(
  lib['ExtractIconExA'],
  [
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # lpszFile : LPCSTR
    Fiddle::TYPE_INT,  # nIconIndex : INT
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # phiconLarge : HICON* optional, out
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # phiconSmall : HICON* optional, out
    -Fiddle::TYPE_INT,  # nIcons : DWORD
  ],
  -Fiddle::TYPE_INT)

#[link(name = "shell32")]
extern "system" {
    fn ExtractIconExA(
        lpszFile: *const u8,  // LPCSTR
        nIconIndex: i32,  // INT
        phiconLarge: *mut *mut core::ffi::c_void,  // HICON* optional, out
        phiconSmall: *mut *mut core::ffi::c_void,  // HICON* optional, out
        nIcons: u32  // DWORD
    ) -> u32;
}
// crates: windows-sys provides ready-made bindings for this API.

$sig = @"
[DllImport("SHELL32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern uint ExtractIconExA([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string lpszFile, int nIconIndex, IntPtr phiconLarge, IntPtr phiconSmall, uint nIcons);
"@
$api = Add-Type -MemberDefinition $sig -Name 'SHELL32_ExtractIconExA' -Namespace Win32 -PassThru
# $api::ExtractIconExA(lpszFile, nIconIndex, phiconLarge, phiconSmall, nIcons)

#uselib "SHELL32.dll"
#func global ExtractIconExA "ExtractIconExA" sptr, sptr, sptr, sptr, sptr
; ExtractIconExA lpszFile, nIconIndex, phiconLarge, phiconSmall, nIcons   ; 戻り値は stat
; lpszFile : LPCSTR -> "sptr"
; nIconIndex : INT -> "sptr"
; phiconLarge : HICON* optional, out -> "sptr"
; phiconSmall : HICON* optional, out -> "sptr"
; nIcons : DWORD -> "sptr"
; ※HSP3.7は #func のため戻り値はシステム変数 stat に格納されます。

#uselib "SHELL32.dll"
#cfunc global ExtractIconExA "ExtractIconExA" str, int, sptr, sptr, int
; res = ExtractIconExA(lpszFile, nIconIndex, phiconLarge, phiconSmall, nIcons)
; lpszFile : LPCSTR -> "str"
; nIconIndex : INT -> "int"
; phiconLarge : HICON* optional, out -> "sptr"
; phiconSmall : HICON* optional, out -> "sptr"
; nIcons : DWORD -> "int"

; DWORD ExtractIconExA(LPCSTR lpszFile, INT nIconIndex, HICON* phiconLarge, HICON* phiconSmall, DWORD nIcons)
#uselib "SHELL32.dll"
#cfunc global ExtractIconExA "ExtractIconExA" str, int, intptr, intptr, int
; res = ExtractIconExA(lpszFile, nIconIndex, phiconLarge, phiconSmall, nIcons)
; lpszFile : LPCSTR -> "str"
; nIconIndex : INT -> "int"
; phiconLarge : HICON* optional, out -> "intptr"
; phiconSmall : HICON* optional, out -> "intptr"
; nIcons : DWORD -> "int"

import (
	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
	"unsafe"
)

var (
	shell32 = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("SHELL32.dll")
	procExtractIconExA = shell32.NewProc("ExtractIconExA")
)

// lpszFile (LPCSTR), nIconIndex (INT), phiconLarge (HICON* optional, out), phiconSmall (HICON* optional, out), nIcons (DWORD)
r1, _, err := procExtractIconExA.Call(
	uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(windows.BytePtrFromString(lpszFile))),
	uintptr(nIconIndex),
	uintptr(phiconLarge),
	uintptr(phiconSmall),
	uintptr(nIcons),
)
_ = err  // syscall.Errno (valid when the call sets last-error)
_ = r1   // DWORD

function ExtractIconExA(
  lpszFile: PAnsiChar;   // LPCSTR
  nIconIndex: Integer;   // INT
  phiconLarge: Pointer;   // HICON* optional, out
  phiconSmall: Pointer;   // HICON* optional, out
  nIcons: DWORD   // DWORD
): DWORD; stdcall;
  external 'SHELL32.dll' name 'ExtractIconExA';

result := DllCall("SHELL32\ExtractIconExA"
    , "AStr", lpszFile   ; LPCSTR
    , "Int", nIconIndex   ; INT
    , "Ptr", phiconLarge   ; HICON* optional, out
    , "Ptr", phiconSmall   ; HICON* optional, out
    , "UInt", nIcons   ; DWORD
    , "UInt")   ; return: DWORD

●ExtractIconExA(lpszFile, nIconIndex, phiconLarge, phiconSmall, nIcons) = DLL("SHELL32.dll", "dword ExtractIconExA(char*, int, void*, void*, dword)")
# 呼び出し: ExtractIconExA(lpszFile, nIconIndex, phiconLarge, phiconSmall, nIcons)
# lpszFile : LPCSTR -> "char*"
# nIconIndex : INT -> "int"
# phiconLarge : HICON* optional, out -> "void*"
# phiconSmall : HICON* optional, out -> "void*"
# nIcons : DWORD -> "dword"
# なでしこ1は32bit・ANSI(Shift_JIS)。文字列=char*(ANSI)、ポインタ/ハンドル=void*(4byte)。