GetFileAttributesA

// KERNEL32.dll  (ANSI / -A)
#include <windows.h>

DWORD GetFileAttributesA(
    LPCSTR lpFileName
);

<DllImport("KERNEL32.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError:=True, ExactSpelling:=True)>
Public Shared Function GetFileAttributesA(
    <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)> lpFileName As String   ' LPCSTR
) As UInteger
End Function

' lpFileName : LPCSTR
Declare PtrSafe Function GetFileAttributesA Lib "kernel32" ( _
    ByVal lpFileName As String) As Long
' VBA7前提(PtrSafe)。32bit Office では LongPtr→Long。Integer=16bit / Long=32bit / LongLong=64bit。

import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes

GetFileAttributesA = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetFileAttributesA
GetFileAttributesA.restype = wintypes.DWORD
GetFileAttributesA.argtypes = [
    wintypes.LPCSTR,  # lpFileName : LPCSTR
]
# GetLastError: use ctypes.GetLastError() (or ctypes.WinDLL(use_last_error=True))

require 'fiddle'
require 'fiddle/import'

lib = Fiddle.dlopen('KERNEL32.dll')
GetFileAttributesA = Fiddle::Function.new(
  lib['GetFileAttributesA'],
  [
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # lpFileName : LPCSTR
  ],
  -Fiddle::TYPE_INT)

#[link(name = "kernel32")]
extern "system" {
    fn GetFileAttributesA(
        lpFileName: *const u8  // LPCSTR
    ) -> u32;
}
// crates: windows-sys provides ready-made bindings for this API.

$sig = @"
[DllImport("KERNEL32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern uint GetFileAttributesA([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string lpFileName);
"@
$api = Add-Type -MemberDefinition $sig -Name 'KERNEL32_GetFileAttributesA' -Namespace Win32 -PassThru
# $api::GetFileAttributesA(lpFileName)

#uselib "KERNEL32.dll"
#func global GetFileAttributesA "GetFileAttributesA" sptr
; GetFileAttributesA lpFileName   ; 戻り値は stat
; lpFileName : LPCSTR -> "sptr"
; ※HSP3.7は #func のため戻り値はシステム変数 stat に格納されます。

#uselib "KERNEL32.dll"
#cfunc global GetFileAttributesA "GetFileAttributesA" str
; res = GetFileAttributesA(lpFileName)
; lpFileName : LPCSTR -> "str"

; DWORD GetFileAttributesA(LPCSTR lpFileName)
#uselib "KERNEL32.dll"
#cfunc global GetFileAttributesA "GetFileAttributesA" str
; res = GetFileAttributesA(lpFileName)
; lpFileName : LPCSTR -> "str"

import (
	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
	"unsafe"
)

var (
	kernel32 = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("KERNEL32.dll")
	procGetFileAttributesA = kernel32.NewProc("GetFileAttributesA")
)

// lpFileName (LPCSTR)
r1, _, err := procGetFileAttributesA.Call(
	uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(windows.BytePtrFromString(lpFileName))),
)
_ = err  // syscall.Errno (valid when the call sets last-error)
_ = r1   // DWORD

function GetFileAttributesA(
  lpFileName: PAnsiChar   // LPCSTR
): DWORD; stdcall;
  external 'KERNEL32.dll' name 'GetFileAttributesA';

result := DllCall("KERNEL32\GetFileAttributesA"
    , "AStr", lpFileName   ; LPCSTR
    , "UInt")   ; return: DWORD

●GetFileAttributesA(lpFileName) = DLL("KERNEL32.dll", "dword GetFileAttributesA(char*)")
# 呼び出し: GetFileAttributesA(lpFileName)
# lpFileName : LPCSTR -> "char*"
# なでしこ1は32bit・ANSI(Shift_JIS)。文字列=char*(ANSI)、ポインタ/ハンドル=void*(4byte)。