CharPrevExA

// USER32.dll
#include <windows.h>

LPSTR CharPrevExA(
    WORD CodePage,
    LPCSTR lpStart,
    LPCSTR lpCurrentChar,
    DWORD dwFlags
);

<DllImport("USER32.dll", ExactSpelling:=True)>
Public Shared Function CharPrevExA(
    CodePage As UShort,   ' WORD
    <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)> lpStart As String,   ' LPCSTR
    <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)> lpCurrentChar As String,   ' LPCSTR
    dwFlags As UInteger   ' DWORD
) As IntPtr
End Function

' CodePage : WORD
' lpStart : LPCSTR
' lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR
' dwFlags : DWORD
Declare PtrSafe Function CharPrevExA Lib "user32" ( _
    ByVal CodePage As Integer, _
    ByVal lpStart As String, _
    ByVal lpCurrentChar As String, _
    ByVal dwFlags As Long) As LongPtr
' VBA7前提(PtrSafe)。32bit Office では LongPtr→Long。Integer=16bit / Long=32bit / LongLong=64bit。

import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes

CharPrevExA = ctypes.windll.user32.CharPrevExA
CharPrevExA.restype = wintypes.LPSTR
CharPrevExA.argtypes = [
    ctypes.c_ushort,  # CodePage : WORD
    wintypes.LPCSTR,  # lpStart : LPCSTR
    wintypes.LPCSTR,  # lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR
    wintypes.DWORD,  # dwFlags : DWORD
]

require 'fiddle'
require 'fiddle/import'

lib = Fiddle.dlopen('USER32.dll')
CharPrevExA = Fiddle::Function.new(
  lib['CharPrevExA'],
  [
    -Fiddle::TYPE_SHORT,  # CodePage : WORD
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # lpStart : LPCSTR
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR
    -Fiddle::TYPE_INT,  # dwFlags : DWORD
  ],
  Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP)

#[link(name = "user32")]
extern "system" {
    fn CharPrevExA(
        CodePage: u16,  // WORD
        lpStart: *const u8,  // LPCSTR
        lpCurrentChar: *const u8,  // LPCSTR
        dwFlags: u32  // DWORD
    ) -> *mut u8;
}
// crates: windows-sys provides ready-made bindings for this API.

$sig = @"
[DllImport("USER32.dll")]
public static extern IntPtr CharPrevExA(ushort CodePage, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string lpStart, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string lpCurrentChar, uint dwFlags);
"@
$api = Add-Type -MemberDefinition $sig -Name 'USER32_CharPrevExA' -Namespace Win32 -PassThru
# $api::CharPrevExA(CodePage, lpStart, lpCurrentChar, dwFlags)

#uselib "USER32.dll"
#func global CharPrevExA "CharPrevExA" sptr, sptr, sptr, sptr
; CharPrevExA CodePage, lpStart, lpCurrentChar, dwFlags   ; 戻り値は stat
; CodePage : WORD -> "sptr"
; lpStart : LPCSTR -> "sptr"
; lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR -> "sptr"
; dwFlags : DWORD -> "sptr"
; ※HSP3.7は #func のため戻り値はシステム変数 stat に格納されます。

#uselib "USER32.dll"
#cfunc global CharPrevExA "CharPrevExA" int, str, str, int
; res = CharPrevExA(CodePage, lpStart, lpCurrentChar, dwFlags)
; CodePage : WORD -> "int"
; lpStart : LPCSTR -> "str"
; lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR -> "str"
; dwFlags : DWORD -> "int"

; LPSTR CharPrevExA(WORD CodePage, LPCSTR lpStart, LPCSTR lpCurrentChar, DWORD dwFlags)
#uselib "USER32.dll"
#cfunc global CharPrevExA "CharPrevExA" int, str, str, int
; res = CharPrevExA(CodePage, lpStart, lpCurrentChar, dwFlags)
; CodePage : WORD -> "int"
; lpStart : LPCSTR -> "str"
; lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR -> "str"
; dwFlags : DWORD -> "int"

import (
	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
	"unsafe"
)

var (
	user32 = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("USER32.dll")
	procCharPrevExA = user32.NewProc("CharPrevExA")
)

// CodePage (WORD), lpStart (LPCSTR), lpCurrentChar (LPCSTR), dwFlags (DWORD)
r1, _, err := procCharPrevExA.Call(
	uintptr(CodePage),
	uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(windows.BytePtrFromString(lpStart))),
	uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(windows.BytePtrFromString(lpCurrentChar))),
	uintptr(dwFlags),
)
_ = err  // syscall.Errno (valid when the call sets last-error)
_ = r1   // LPSTR

function CharPrevExA(
  CodePage: Word;   // WORD
  lpStart: PAnsiChar;   // LPCSTR
  lpCurrentChar: PAnsiChar;   // LPCSTR
  dwFlags: DWORD   // DWORD
): PAnsiChar; stdcall;
  external 'USER32.dll' name 'CharPrevExA';

result := DllCall("USER32\CharPrevExA"
    , "UShort", CodePage   ; WORD
    , "AStr", lpStart   ; LPCSTR
    , "AStr", lpCurrentChar   ; LPCSTR
    , "UInt", dwFlags   ; DWORD
    , "Ptr")   ; return: LPSTR

●CharPrevExA(CodePage, lpStart, lpCurrentChar, dwFlags) = DLL("USER32.dll", "char* CharPrevExA(int, char*, char*, dword)")
# 呼び出し: CharPrevExA(CodePage, lpStart, lpCurrentChar, dwFlags)
# CodePage : WORD -> "int"
# lpStart : LPCSTR -> "char*"
# lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR -> "char*"
# dwFlags : DWORD -> "dword"
# なでしこ1は32bit・ANSI(Shift_JIS)。文字列=char*(ANSI)、ポインタ/ハンドル=void*(4byte)。

const std = @import("std");

extern "user32" fn CharPrevExA(
    CodePage: u16, // WORD
    lpStart: [*c]const u8, // LPCSTR
    lpCurrentChar: [*c]const u8, // LPCSTR
    dwFlags: u32 // DWORD
) callconv(std.os.windows.WINAPI) [*c]const u8;

proc CharPrevExA(
    CodePage: uint16,  # WORD
    lpStart: cstring,  # LPCSTR
    lpCurrentChar: cstring,  # LPCSTR
    dwFlags: uint32  # DWORD
): cstring {.importc: "CharPrevExA", stdcall, dynlib: "USER32.dll".}

pragma(lib, "user32");
extern(Windows)
const(char)* CharPrevExA(
    ushort CodePage,   // WORD
    const(char)* lpStart,   // LPCSTR
    const(char)* lpCurrentChar,   // LPCSTR
    uint dwFlags   // DWORD
);

ccall((:CharPrevExA, "USER32.dll"), stdcall, Cstring,
      (UInt16, Cstring, Cstring, UInt32),
      CodePage, lpStart, lpCurrentChar, dwFlags)
# CodePage : WORD -> UInt16
# lpStart : LPCSTR -> Cstring
# lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR -> Cstring
# dwFlags : DWORD -> UInt32
# stdcall は 32bit のみ意味を持つ(x64 では無視)。

local ffi = require("ffi")
ffi.cdef[[
const char* CharPrevExA(
    uint16_t CodePage,
    const char* lpStart,
    const char* lpCurrentChar,
    uint32_t dwFlags);
]]
local user32 = ffi.load("user32")
-- user32.CharPrevExA(CodePage, lpStart, lpCurrentChar, dwFlags)
-- CodePage : WORD
-- lpStart : LPCSTR
-- lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR
-- dwFlags : DWORD
-- 構造体/GUIDへのポインタは cdef が通るよう void* で表記(実型は各引数コメント参照)。値渡し構造体・enum は対応する typedef を cdef に追加すること。

const koffi = require('koffi');
const lib = koffi.load('USER32.dll');
const CharPrevExA = lib.func('__stdcall', 'CharPrevExA', 'void *', ['uint16_t', 'str', 'str', 'uint32_t']);
// CharPrevExA(CodePage, lpStart, lpCurrentChar, dwFlags)
// CodePage : WORD -> 'uint16_t'
// lpStart : LPCSTR -> 'str'
// lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR -> 'str'
// dwFlags : DWORD -> 'uint32_t'
// 出力ポインタは koffi.out(...) で包む。構造体は koffi.struct で定義。

const lib = Deno.dlopen("USER32.dll", {
  CharPrevExA: { parameters: ["u16", "buffer", "buffer", "u32"], result: "pointer" },
});
// lib.symbols.CharPrevExA(CodePage, lpStart, lpCurrentChar, dwFlags)
// CodePage : WORD -> "u16"
// lpStart : LPCSTR -> "buffer"
// lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR -> "buffer"
// dwFlags : DWORD -> "u32"
// 文字列引数は "buffer"(NUL 終端のバイト列を Uint8Array で渡す)。
// 値渡し構造体は { struct: [ ...field types... ] } を使用。

<?php
$ffi = FFI::cdef(<<<C
const char* CharPrevExA(
    uint16_t CodePage,
    const char* lpStart,
    const char* lpCurrentChar,
    uint32_t dwFlags);
C, "USER32.dll");
// $ffi->CharPrevExA(CodePage, lpStart, lpCurrentChar, dwFlags);
// CodePage : WORD
// lpStart : LPCSTR
// lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR
// dwFlags : DWORD
// 構造体/GUIDへのポインタは cdef が通るよう void* で表記(実型は各引数コメント参照)。値渡し構造体・enum は対応する typedef を cdef に追加すること。
// WINAPI(stdcall): x64 では呼出規約が統一されるため問題なし。x86 では __stdcall 対応のラッパが必要な場合あり。

import com.sun.jna.*;
import com.sun.jna.ptr.*;
import com.sun.jna.win32.StdCallLibrary;
import com.sun.jna.win32.W32APIOptions;

public interface User32 extends StdCallLibrary {
    User32 INSTANCE = Native.load("user32", User32.class);
    Pointer CharPrevExA(
        short CodePage,   // WORD
        String lpStart,   // LPCSTR
        String lpCurrentChar,   // LPCSTR
        int dwFlags   // DWORD
    );
}

@[Link("user32")]
lib LibUSER32
  fun CharPrevExA = CharPrevExA(
    CodePage : UInt16,   # WORD
    lpStart : UInt8*,   # LPCSTR
    lpCurrentChar : UInt8*,   # LPCSTR
    dwFlags : UInt32   # DWORD
  ) : UInt8*
end
# 構造体/GUID/enum は lib 内に対応する型定義が必要。
# 呼出規約: x64 は規約統一のため OK。x86(32bit)は WINAPI=stdcall だが Crystal の fun に stdcall 付与構文がなく非対応。

import 'dart:ffi';
import 'package:ffi/ffi.dart';

typedef CharPrevExANative = Pointer<Utf8> Function(Uint16, Pointer<Utf8>, Pointer<Utf8>, Uint32);
typedef CharPrevExADart = Pointer<Utf8> Function(int, Pointer<Utf8>, Pointer<Utf8>, int);
final CharPrevExA = DynamicLibrary.open('USER32.dll')
    .lookupFunction<CharPrevExANative, CharPrevExADart>('CharPrevExA');
// CodePage : WORD -> Uint16
// lpStart : LPCSTR -> Pointer<Utf8>
// lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR -> Pointer<Utf8>
// dwFlags : DWORD -> Uint32
// 文字列は package:ffi の "...".toNativeUtf16()/toNativeUtf8() で変換。

{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
function CharPrevExA(
  CodePage: Word;   // WORD
  lpStart: PAnsiChar;   // LPCSTR
  lpCurrentChar: PAnsiChar;   // LPCSTR
  dwFlags: DWORD   // DWORD
): PAnsiChar; stdcall;
  external 'USER32.dll' name 'CharPrevExA';

import Foreign
import Foreign.C.Types
import Foreign.C.String

foreign import stdcall safe "CharPrevExA"
  c_CharPrevExA :: Word16 -> CString -> CString -> Word32 -> IO CString
-- CodePage : WORD -> Word16
-- lpStart : LPCSTR -> CString
-- lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR -> CString
-- dwFlags : DWORD -> Word32
-- 要 GHC(Windows)。stdcall は x64 では ccall として扱われる。ブロックする API は safe 呼び出し推奨。

open Ctypes
open Foreign

let charprevexa =
  foreign "CharPrevExA"
    (uint16_t @-> string @-> string @-> uint32_t @-> returning string)
(* CodePage : WORD -> uint16_t *)
(* lpStart : LPCSTR -> string *)
(* lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR -> string *)
(* dwFlags : DWORD -> uint32_t *)
(* foreign は cdecl 前提。x64 Windows では WINAPI と一致。構造体は ctypes structure を定義のこと。 *)

(cffi:define-foreign-library user32 (t "USER32.dll"))
(cffi:use-foreign-library user32)

(cffi:defcfun ("CharPrevExA" char-prev-ex-a :convention :stdcall) :string
  (code-page :uint16)   ; WORD
  (lp-start :string)   ; LPCSTR
  (lp-current-char :string)   ; LPCSTR
  (dw-flags :uint32))   ; DWORD
; isize/usize(INT_PTR/SIZE_T)は x64 前提で :int64/:uint64。x86 では :int32/:uint32。

use Win32::API;
my $CharPrevExA = Win32::API::More->new('USER32',
    'LPSTR CharPrevExA(WORD CodePage, LPCSTR lpStart, LPCSTR lpCurrentChar, DWORD dwFlags)');
# my $ret = $CharPrevExA->Call($CodePage, $lpStart, $lpCurrentChar, $dwFlags);
# CodePage : WORD -> WORD
# lpStart : LPCSTR -> LPCSTR
# lpCurrentChar : LPCSTR -> LPCSTR
# dwFlags : DWORD -> DWORD
# 値渡し構造体は pack() した文字列、または Win32::API::Struct を使用。