gethostbyname

// WS2_32.dll
#include <windows.h>

HOSTENT* gethostbyname(
    LPCSTR name
);

<DllImport("WS2_32.dll", SetLastError:=True, ExactSpelling:=True)>
Public Shared Function gethostbyname(
    <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)> name As String   ' LPCSTR
) As IntPtr
End Function

' name : LPCSTR
Declare PtrSafe Function gethostbyname Lib "ws2_32" ( _
    ByVal name As String) As LongPtr
' VBA7前提(PtrSafe)。32bit Office では LongPtr→Long。Integer=16bit / Long=32bit / LongLong=64bit。

import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes

gethostbyname = ctypes.windll.ws2_32.gethostbyname
gethostbyname.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
gethostbyname.argtypes = [
    wintypes.LPCSTR,  # name : LPCSTR
]
# GetLastError: use ctypes.GetLastError() (or ctypes.WinDLL(use_last_error=True))

require 'fiddle'
require 'fiddle/import'

lib = Fiddle.dlopen('WS2_32.dll')
gethostbyname = Fiddle::Function.new(
  lib['gethostbyname'],
  [
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # name : LPCSTR
  ],
  Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP)

#[link(name = "ws2_32")]
extern "system" {
    fn gethostbyname(
        name: *const u8  // LPCSTR
    ) -> *mut HOSTENT;
}
// crates: windows-sys provides ready-made bindings for this API.

$sig = @"
[DllImport("WS2_32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr gethostbyname([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string name);
"@
$api = Add-Type -MemberDefinition $sig -Name 'WS2_32_gethostbyname' -Namespace Win32 -PassThru
# $api::gethostbyname(name)

#uselib "WS2_32.dll"
#func global gethostbyname "gethostbyname" sptr
; gethostbyname name   ; 戻り値は stat
; name : LPCSTR -> "sptr"
; ※HSP3.7は #func のため戻り値はシステム変数 stat に格納されます。

#uselib "WS2_32.dll"
#cfunc global gethostbyname "gethostbyname" str
; res = gethostbyname(name)
; name : LPCSTR -> "str"

; HOSTENT* gethostbyname(LPCSTR name)
#uselib "WS2_32.dll"
#cfunc global gethostbyname "gethostbyname" str
; res = gethostbyname(name)
; name : LPCSTR -> "str"

import (
	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
	"unsafe"
)

var (
	ws2_32 = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("WS2_32.dll")
	procgethostbyname = ws2_32.NewProc("gethostbyname")
)

// name (LPCSTR)
r1, _, err := procgethostbyname.Call(
	uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(windows.BytePtrFromString(name))),
)
_ = err  // syscall.Errno (valid when the call sets last-error)
_ = r1   // HOSTENT*

function gethostbyname(
  name: PAnsiChar   // LPCSTR
): Pointer; stdcall;
  external 'WS2_32.dll' name 'gethostbyname';

result := DllCall("WS2_32\gethostbyname"
    , "AStr", name   ; LPCSTR
    , "Ptr")   ; return: HOSTENT*

●gethostbyname(name) = DLL("WS2_32.dll", "void* gethostbyname(char*)")
# 呼び出し: gethostbyname(name)
# name : LPCSTR -> "char*"
# なでしこ1は32bit・ANSI(Shift_JIS)。文字列=char*(ANSI)、ポインタ/ハンドル=void*(4byte)。