GetThreadDesktop

// USER32.dll
#include <windows.h>

HDESK GetThreadDesktop(
    DWORD dwThreadId
);

<DllImport("USER32.dll", SetLastError:=True, ExactSpelling:=True)>
Public Shared Function GetThreadDesktop(
    dwThreadId As UInteger   ' DWORD
) As IntPtr
End Function

' dwThreadId : DWORD
Declare PtrSafe Function GetThreadDesktop Lib "user32" ( _
    ByVal dwThreadId As Long) As LongPtr
' VBA7前提(PtrSafe)。32bit Office では LongPtr→Long。Integer=16bit / Long=32bit / LongLong=64bit。

import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes

GetThreadDesktop = ctypes.windll.user32.GetThreadDesktop
GetThreadDesktop.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
GetThreadDesktop.argtypes = [
    wintypes.DWORD,  # dwThreadId : DWORD
]
# GetLastError: use ctypes.GetLastError() (or ctypes.WinDLL(use_last_error=True))

require 'fiddle'
require 'fiddle/import'

lib = Fiddle.dlopen('USER32.dll')
GetThreadDesktop = Fiddle::Function.new(
  lib['GetThreadDesktop'],
  [
    -Fiddle::TYPE_INT,  # dwThreadId : DWORD
  ],
  Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP)

#[link(name = "user32")]
extern "system" {
    fn GetThreadDesktop(
        dwThreadId: u32  // DWORD
    ) -> *mut core::ffi::c_void;
}
// crates: windows-sys provides ready-made bindings for this API.

$sig = @"
[DllImport("USER32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr GetThreadDesktop(uint dwThreadId);
"@
$api = Add-Type -MemberDefinition $sig -Name 'USER32_GetThreadDesktop' -Namespace Win32 -PassThru
# $api::GetThreadDesktop(dwThreadId)

#uselib "USER32.dll"
#func global GetThreadDesktop "GetThreadDesktop" sptr
; GetThreadDesktop dwThreadId   ; 戻り値は stat
; dwThreadId : DWORD -> "sptr"
; ※HSP3.7は #func のため戻り値はシステム変数 stat に格納されます。

#uselib "USER32.dll"
#cfunc global GetThreadDesktop "GetThreadDesktop" int
; res = GetThreadDesktop(dwThreadId)
; dwThreadId : DWORD -> "int"

; HDESK GetThreadDesktop(DWORD dwThreadId)
#uselib "USER32.dll"
#cfunc global GetThreadDesktop "GetThreadDesktop" int
; res = GetThreadDesktop(dwThreadId)
; dwThreadId : DWORD -> "int"

import (
	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
	"unsafe"
)

var (
	user32 = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("USER32.dll")
	procGetThreadDesktop = user32.NewProc("GetThreadDesktop")
)

// dwThreadId (DWORD)
r1, _, err := procGetThreadDesktop.Call(
	uintptr(dwThreadId),
)
_ = err  // syscall.Errno (valid when the call sets last-error)
_ = r1   // HDESK

function GetThreadDesktop(
  dwThreadId: DWORD   // DWORD
): THandle; stdcall;
  external 'USER32.dll' name 'GetThreadDesktop';

result := DllCall("USER32\GetThreadDesktop"
    , "UInt", dwThreadId   ; DWORD
    , "Ptr")   ; return: HDESK

●GetThreadDesktop(dwThreadId) = DLL("USER32.dll", "void* GetThreadDesktop(dword)")
# 呼び出し: GetThreadDesktop(dwThreadId)
# dwThreadId : DWORD -> "dword"
# なでしこ1は32bit・ANSI(Shift_JIS)。文字列=char*(ANSI)、ポインタ/ハンドル=void*(4byte)。

const std = @import("std");

extern "user32" fn GetThreadDesktop(
    dwThreadId: u32 // DWORD
) callconv(std.os.windows.WINAPI) ?*anyopaque;

proc GetThreadDesktop(
    dwThreadId: uint32  # DWORD
): pointer {.importc: "GetThreadDesktop", stdcall, dynlib: "USER32.dll".}

pragma(lib, "user32");
extern(Windows)
void* GetThreadDesktop(
    uint dwThreadId   // DWORD
);

ccall((:GetThreadDesktop, "USER32.dll"), stdcall, Ptr{Cvoid},
      (UInt32,),
      dwThreadId)
# dwThreadId : DWORD -> UInt32
# stdcall は 32bit のみ意味を持つ(x64 では無視)。

local ffi = require("ffi")
ffi.cdef[[
void* GetThreadDesktop(
    uint32_t dwThreadId);
]]
local user32 = ffi.load("user32")
-- user32.GetThreadDesktop(dwThreadId)
-- dwThreadId : DWORD
-- 構造体/GUIDへのポインタは cdef が通るよう void* で表記(実型は各引数コメント参照)。値渡し構造体・enum は対応する typedef を cdef に追加すること。

const koffi = require('koffi');
const lib = koffi.load('USER32.dll');
const GetThreadDesktop = lib.func('__stdcall', 'GetThreadDesktop', 'void *', ['uint32_t']);
// GetThreadDesktop(dwThreadId)
// dwThreadId : DWORD -> 'uint32_t'
// 出力ポインタは koffi.out(...) で包む。構造体は koffi.struct で定義。

const lib = Deno.dlopen("USER32.dll", {
  GetThreadDesktop: { parameters: ["u32"], result: "pointer" },
});
// lib.symbols.GetThreadDesktop(dwThreadId)
// dwThreadId : DWORD -> "u32"
// 文字列引数は "buffer"(NUL 終端のバイト列を Uint8Array で渡す)。
// 値渡し構造体は { struct: [ ...field types... ] } を使用。

<?php
$ffi = FFI::cdef(<<<C
void* GetThreadDesktop(
    uint32_t dwThreadId);
C, "USER32.dll");
// $ffi->GetThreadDesktop(dwThreadId);
// dwThreadId : DWORD
// 構造体/GUIDへのポインタは cdef が通るよう void* で表記(実型は各引数コメント参照)。値渡し構造体・enum は対応する typedef を cdef に追加すること。
// WINAPI(stdcall): x64 では呼出規約が統一されるため問題なし。x86 では __stdcall 対応のラッパが必要な場合あり。

import com.sun.jna.*;
import com.sun.jna.ptr.*;
import com.sun.jna.win32.StdCallLibrary;
import com.sun.jna.win32.W32APIOptions;

public interface User32 extends StdCallLibrary {
    User32 INSTANCE = Native.load("user32", User32.class);
    Pointer GetThreadDesktop(
        int dwThreadId   // DWORD
    );
}

@[Link("user32")]
lib LibUSER32
  fun GetThreadDesktop = GetThreadDesktop(
    dwThreadId : UInt32   # DWORD
  ) : Void*
end
# 構造体/GUID/enum は lib 内に対応する型定義が必要。
# 呼出規約: x64 は規約統一のため OK。x86(32bit)は WINAPI=stdcall だが Crystal の fun に stdcall 付与構文がなく非対応。

import 'dart:ffi';
import 'package:ffi/ffi.dart';

typedef GetThreadDesktopNative = Pointer<Void> Function(Uint32);
typedef GetThreadDesktopDart = Pointer<Void> Function(int);
final GetThreadDesktop = DynamicLibrary.open('USER32.dll')
    .lookupFunction<GetThreadDesktopNative, GetThreadDesktopDart>('GetThreadDesktop');
// dwThreadId : DWORD -> Uint32
// 文字列は package:ffi の "...".toNativeUtf16()/toNativeUtf8() で変換。

{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
function GetThreadDesktop(
  dwThreadId: DWORD   // DWORD
): THandle; stdcall;
  external 'USER32.dll' name 'GetThreadDesktop';

import Foreign
import Foreign.C.Types
import Foreign.C.String

foreign import stdcall safe "GetThreadDesktop"
  c_GetThreadDesktop :: Word32 -> IO (Ptr ())
-- dwThreadId : DWORD -> Word32
-- 要 GHC(Windows)。stdcall は x64 では ccall として扱われる。ブロックする API は safe 呼び出し推奨。

open Ctypes
open Foreign

let getthreaddesktop =
  foreign "GetThreadDesktop"
    (uint32_t @-> returning (ptr void))
(* dwThreadId : DWORD -> uint32_t *)
(* foreign は cdecl 前提。x64 Windows では WINAPI と一致。構造体は ctypes structure を定義のこと。 *)

(cffi:define-foreign-library user32 (t "USER32.dll"))
(cffi:use-foreign-library user32)

(cffi:defcfun ("GetThreadDesktop" get-thread-desktop :convention :stdcall) :pointer
  (dw-thread-id :uint32))   ; DWORD
; isize/usize(INT_PTR/SIZE_T)は x64 前提で :int64/:uint64。x86 では :int32/:uint32。

use Win32::API;
my $GetThreadDesktop = Win32::API::More->new('USER32',
    'HANDLE GetThreadDesktop(DWORD dwThreadId)');
# my $ret = $GetThreadDesktop->Call($dwThreadId);
# dwThreadId : DWORD -> DWORD
# 値渡し構造体は pack() した文字列、または Win32::API::Struct を使用。