OpenDesktopA

// USER32.dll  (ANSI / -A)
#include <windows.h>

HDESK OpenDesktopA(
    LPCSTR lpszDesktop,
    DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS dwFlags,
    BOOL fInherit,
    DWORD dwDesiredAccess
);

<DllImport("USER32.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError:=True, ExactSpelling:=True)>
Public Shared Function OpenDesktopA(
    <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)> lpszDesktop As String,   ' LPCSTR
    dwFlags As UInteger,   ' DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
    fInherit As Boolean,   ' BOOL
    dwDesiredAccess As UInteger   ' DWORD
) As IntPtr
End Function

' lpszDesktop : LPCSTR
' dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
' fInherit : BOOL
' dwDesiredAccess : DWORD
Declare PtrSafe Function OpenDesktopA Lib "user32" ( _
    ByVal lpszDesktop As String, _
    ByVal dwFlags As Long, _
    ByVal fInherit As Long, _
    ByVal dwDesiredAccess As Long) As LongPtr
' VBA7前提(PtrSafe)。32bit Office では LongPtr→Long。Integer=16bit / Long=32bit / LongLong=64bit。

import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes

OpenDesktopA = ctypes.windll.user32.OpenDesktopA
OpenDesktopA.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
OpenDesktopA.argtypes = [
    wintypes.LPCSTR,  # lpszDesktop : LPCSTR
    wintypes.DWORD,  # dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
    wintypes.BOOL,  # fInherit : BOOL
    wintypes.DWORD,  # dwDesiredAccess : DWORD
]
# GetLastError: use ctypes.GetLastError() (or ctypes.WinDLL(use_last_error=True))

require 'fiddle'
require 'fiddle/import'

lib = Fiddle.dlopen('USER32.dll')
OpenDesktopA = Fiddle::Function.new(
  lib['OpenDesktopA'],
  [
    Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP,  # lpszDesktop : LPCSTR
    -Fiddle::TYPE_INT,  # dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
    Fiddle::TYPE_INT,  # fInherit : BOOL
    -Fiddle::TYPE_INT,  # dwDesiredAccess : DWORD
  ],
  Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP)

#[link(name = "user32")]
extern "system" {
    fn OpenDesktopA(
        lpszDesktop: *const u8,  // LPCSTR
        dwFlags: u32,  // DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
        fInherit: i32,  // BOOL
        dwDesiredAccess: u32  // DWORD
    ) -> *mut core::ffi::c_void;
}
// crates: windows-sys provides ready-made bindings for this API.

$sig = @"
[DllImport("USER32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr OpenDesktopA([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string lpszDesktop, uint dwFlags, bool fInherit, uint dwDesiredAccess);
"@
$api = Add-Type -MemberDefinition $sig -Name 'USER32_OpenDesktopA' -Namespace Win32 -PassThru
# $api::OpenDesktopA(lpszDesktop, dwFlags, fInherit, dwDesiredAccess)

#uselib "USER32.dll"
#func global OpenDesktopA "OpenDesktopA" sptr, sptr, sptr, sptr
; OpenDesktopA lpszDesktop, dwFlags, fInherit, dwDesiredAccess   ; 戻り値は stat
; lpszDesktop : LPCSTR -> "sptr"
; dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS -> "sptr"
; fInherit : BOOL -> "sptr"
; dwDesiredAccess : DWORD -> "sptr"
; ※HSP3.7は #func のため戻り値はシステム変数 stat に格納されます。

#uselib "USER32.dll"
#cfunc global OpenDesktopA "OpenDesktopA" str, int, int, int
; res = OpenDesktopA(lpszDesktop, dwFlags, fInherit, dwDesiredAccess)
; lpszDesktop : LPCSTR -> "str"
; dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS -> "int"
; fInherit : BOOL -> "int"
; dwDesiredAccess : DWORD -> "int"

; HDESK OpenDesktopA(LPCSTR lpszDesktop, DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS dwFlags, BOOL fInherit, DWORD dwDesiredAccess)
#uselib "USER32.dll"
#cfunc global OpenDesktopA "OpenDesktopA" str, int, int, int
; res = OpenDesktopA(lpszDesktop, dwFlags, fInherit, dwDesiredAccess)
; lpszDesktop : LPCSTR -> "str"
; dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS -> "int"
; fInherit : BOOL -> "int"
; dwDesiredAccess : DWORD -> "int"

import (
	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
	"unsafe"
)

var (
	user32 = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("USER32.dll")
	procOpenDesktopA = user32.NewProc("OpenDesktopA")
)

// lpszDesktop (LPCSTR), dwFlags (DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS), fInherit (BOOL), dwDesiredAccess (DWORD)
r1, _, err := procOpenDesktopA.Call(
	uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(windows.BytePtrFromString(lpszDesktop))),
	uintptr(dwFlags),
	uintptr(fInherit),
	uintptr(dwDesiredAccess),
)
_ = err  // syscall.Errno (valid when the call sets last-error)
_ = r1   // HDESK

function OpenDesktopA(
  lpszDesktop: PAnsiChar;   // LPCSTR
  dwFlags: DWORD;   // DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
  fInherit: BOOL;   // BOOL
  dwDesiredAccess: DWORD   // DWORD
): THandle; stdcall;
  external 'USER32.dll' name 'OpenDesktopA';

result := DllCall("USER32\OpenDesktopA"
    , "AStr", lpszDesktop   ; LPCSTR
    , "UInt", dwFlags   ; DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
    , "Int", fInherit   ; BOOL
    , "UInt", dwDesiredAccess   ; DWORD
    , "Ptr")   ; return: HDESK

●OpenDesktopA(lpszDesktop, dwFlags, fInherit, dwDesiredAccess) = DLL("USER32.dll", "void* OpenDesktopA(char*, dword, bool, dword)")
# 呼び出し: OpenDesktopA(lpszDesktop, dwFlags, fInherit, dwDesiredAccess)
# lpszDesktop : LPCSTR -> "char*"
# dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS -> "dword"
# fInherit : BOOL -> "bool"
# dwDesiredAccess : DWORD -> "dword"
# なでしこ1は32bit・ANSI(Shift_JIS)。文字列=char*(ANSI)、ポインタ/ハンドル=void*(4byte)。

const std = @import("std");

extern "user32" fn OpenDesktopA(
    lpszDesktop: [*c]const u8, // LPCSTR
    dwFlags: u32, // DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
    fInherit: i32, // BOOL
    dwDesiredAccess: u32 // DWORD
) callconv(std.os.windows.WINAPI) ?*anyopaque;

proc OpenDesktopA(
    lpszDesktop: cstring,  # LPCSTR
    dwFlags: uint32,  # DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
    fInherit: int32,  # BOOL
    dwDesiredAccess: uint32  # DWORD
): pointer {.importc: "OpenDesktopA", stdcall, dynlib: "USER32.dll".}

pragma(lib, "user32");
extern(Windows)
void* OpenDesktopA(
    const(char)* lpszDesktop,   // LPCSTR
    uint dwFlags,   // DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
    int fInherit,   // BOOL
    uint dwDesiredAccess   // DWORD
);

ccall((:OpenDesktopA, "USER32.dll"), stdcall, Ptr{Cvoid},
      (Cstring, UInt32, Int32, UInt32),
      lpszDesktop, dwFlags, fInherit, dwDesiredAccess)
# lpszDesktop : LPCSTR -> Cstring
# dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS -> UInt32
# fInherit : BOOL -> Int32
# dwDesiredAccess : DWORD -> UInt32
# stdcall は 32bit のみ意味を持つ(x64 では無視)。

local ffi = require("ffi")
ffi.cdef[[
void* OpenDesktopA(
    const char* lpszDesktop,
    uint32_t dwFlags,
    int32_t fInherit,
    uint32_t dwDesiredAccess);
]]
local user32 = ffi.load("user32")
-- user32.OpenDesktopA(lpszDesktop, dwFlags, fInherit, dwDesiredAccess)
-- lpszDesktop : LPCSTR
-- dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
-- fInherit : BOOL
-- dwDesiredAccess : DWORD
-- 構造体/GUIDへのポインタは cdef が通るよう void* で表記(実型は各引数コメント参照)。値渡し構造体・enum は対応する typedef を cdef に追加すること。

const koffi = require('koffi');
const lib = koffi.load('USER32.dll');
const OpenDesktopA = lib.func('__stdcall', 'OpenDesktopA', 'void *', ['str', 'uint32_t', 'int32_t', 'uint32_t']);
// OpenDesktopA(lpszDesktop, dwFlags, fInherit, dwDesiredAccess)
// lpszDesktop : LPCSTR -> 'str'
// dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS -> 'uint32_t'
// fInherit : BOOL -> 'int32_t'
// dwDesiredAccess : DWORD -> 'uint32_t'
// 出力ポインタは koffi.out(...) で包む。構造体は koffi.struct で定義。

const lib = Deno.dlopen("USER32.dll", {
  OpenDesktopA: { parameters: ["buffer", "u32", "i32", "u32"], result: "pointer" },
});
// lib.symbols.OpenDesktopA(lpszDesktop, dwFlags, fInherit, dwDesiredAccess)
// lpszDesktop : LPCSTR -> "buffer"
// dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS -> "u32"
// fInherit : BOOL -> "i32"
// dwDesiredAccess : DWORD -> "u32"
// 文字列は "buffer"。ANSI(-A) は new TextEncoder() で UTF-8/ANSI バイト列(末尾に \x00)を渡す。
// 値渡し構造体は { struct: [ ...field types... ] } を使用。

<?php
$ffi = FFI::cdef(<<<C
void* OpenDesktopA(
    const char* lpszDesktop,
    uint32_t dwFlags,
    int32_t fInherit,
    uint32_t dwDesiredAccess);
C, "USER32.dll");
// $ffi->OpenDesktopA(lpszDesktop, dwFlags, fInherit, dwDesiredAccess);
// lpszDesktop : LPCSTR
// dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
// fInherit : BOOL
// dwDesiredAccess : DWORD
// 構造体/GUIDへのポインタは cdef が通るよう void* で表記(実型は各引数コメント参照)。値渡し構造体・enum は対応する typedef を cdef に追加すること。
// WINAPI(stdcall): x64 では呼出規約が統一されるため問題なし。x86 では __stdcall 対応のラッパが必要な場合あり。

import com.sun.jna.*;
import com.sun.jna.ptr.*;
import com.sun.jna.win32.StdCallLibrary;
import com.sun.jna.win32.W32APIOptions;

public interface User32 extends StdCallLibrary {
    User32 INSTANCE = Native.load("user32", User32.class, W32APIOptions.ASCII_OPTIONS);
    Pointer OpenDesktopA(
        String lpszDesktop,   // LPCSTR
        int dwFlags,   // DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
        boolean fInherit,   // BOOL
        int dwDesiredAccess   // DWORD
    );
}

@[Link("user32")]
lib LibUSER32
  fun OpenDesktopA = OpenDesktopA(
    lpszDesktop : UInt8*,   # LPCSTR
    dwFlags : UInt32,   # DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
    fInherit : Int32,   # BOOL
    dwDesiredAccess : UInt32   # DWORD
  ) : Void*
end
# 構造体/GUID/enum は lib 内に対応する型定義が必要。
# 呼出規約: x64 は規約統一のため OK。x86(32bit)は WINAPI=stdcall だが Crystal の fun に stdcall 付与構文がなく非対応。

import 'dart:ffi';
import 'package:ffi/ffi.dart';

typedef OpenDesktopANative = Pointer<Void> Function(Pointer<Utf8>, Uint32, Int32, Uint32);
typedef OpenDesktopADart = Pointer<Void> Function(Pointer<Utf8>, int, int, int);
final OpenDesktopA = DynamicLibrary.open('USER32.dll')
    .lookupFunction<OpenDesktopANative, OpenDesktopADart>('OpenDesktopA');
// lpszDesktop : LPCSTR -> Pointer<Utf8>
// dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS -> Uint32
// fInherit : BOOL -> Int32
// dwDesiredAccess : DWORD -> Uint32
// 文字列は package:ffi の "...".toNativeUtf16()/toNativeUtf8() で変換。

{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
function OpenDesktopA(
  lpszDesktop: PAnsiChar;   // LPCSTR
  dwFlags: DWORD;   // DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
  fInherit: BOOL;   // BOOL
  dwDesiredAccess: DWORD   // DWORD
): THandle; stdcall;
  external 'USER32.dll' name 'OpenDesktopA';

import Foreign
import Foreign.C.Types
import Foreign.C.String

foreign import stdcall safe "OpenDesktopA"
  c_OpenDesktopA :: CString -> Word32 -> CInt -> Word32 -> IO (Ptr ())
-- lpszDesktop : LPCSTR -> CString
-- dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS -> Word32
-- fInherit : BOOL -> CInt
-- dwDesiredAccess : DWORD -> Word32
-- 要 GHC(Windows)。stdcall は x64 では ccall として扱われる。ブロックする API は safe 呼び出し推奨。

open Ctypes
open Foreign

let opendesktopa =
  foreign "OpenDesktopA"
    (string @-> uint32_t @-> int32_t @-> uint32_t @-> returning (ptr void))
(* lpszDesktop : LPCSTR -> string *)
(* dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS -> uint32_t *)
(* fInherit : BOOL -> int32_t *)
(* dwDesiredAccess : DWORD -> uint32_t *)
(* foreign は cdecl 前提。x64 Windows では WINAPI と一致。構造体は ctypes structure を定義のこと。 *)

(cffi:define-foreign-library user32 (t "USER32.dll"))
(cffi:use-foreign-library user32)

(cffi:defcfun ("OpenDesktopA" open-desktop-a :convention :stdcall) :pointer
  (lpsz-desktop :string)   ; LPCSTR
  (dw-flags :uint32)   ; DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS
  (f-inherit :int32)   ; BOOL
  (dw-desired-access :uint32))   ; DWORD
; isize/usize(INT_PTR/SIZE_T)は x64 前提で :int64/:uint64。x86 では :int32/:uint32。

use Win32::API;
my $OpenDesktopA = Win32::API::More->new('USER32',
    'HANDLE OpenDesktopA(LPCSTR lpszDesktop, DWORD dwFlags, BOOL fInherit, DWORD dwDesiredAccess)');
# my $ret = $OpenDesktopA->Call($lpszDesktop, $dwFlags, $fInherit, $dwDesiredAccess);
# lpszDesktop : LPCSTR -> LPCSTR
# dwFlags : DESKTOP_CONTROL_FLAGS -> DWORD
# fInherit : BOOL -> BOOL
# dwDesiredAccess : DWORD -> DWORD
# 値渡し構造体は pack() した文字列、または Win32::API::Struct を使用。